Labour Market Dynamics, Unemployment And Economic Growth...

LABOUR MARKET DYNAMICS, UNEMPLOYMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN GHANA INTRODUCTION Owing to a GDP rebasing in 2011, Ghana became the fastest growing economy in the world with a GDP growth pinned at 20%, the largest per capita income in West Africa and the 21st in the continent. Ghana joined the league of oil producing countries in December 2010 with 85,000 barrels of crude oil in a day . Fiscal deficit fell from 5.9% of GDP in 2010 to an estimated 4.3% in 2011 due to strong revenue performance . Despite an impressive increase in economic growth rate over the years, the Ghanaian economy is still characterized by low employment rate and low labour productivity rate as against the relatively increasing growth rate of population. Unemployment rate in Ghana has varied over the years averaging 8.82% from 2001 until 2013. It reached an all-time high of 12.90% in 2005 and a record low of 5.20% in 2013 . Ghana’s unemployment rate is 25.6% for the younger age group between 15 and 24 years twice that of the 25-44 age group and three time that of the 45-64 age group . This is a perfect indication that recent gains in Ghana’s economy growth have not translated adequately into job opportunities, especially in the formal sector. Unemployment is a phenomenon that occurs when a person who is actively searching for employment is unable to work . The most common measure of unemployment is the unemployment rate. Method of calculating and presenting unemployment rate differs from one country toShow MoreRelatedThe Cost Of Real Money1690 Words   |  7 PagesIS-LM diagram (our earlier Figure 4), when IS-LM centers on the full employment output level so that Y* = YF, then the labor market clears and thus there are apparently no inherent dynamics to imply a rise in wages. If anything, a Pigou Effect arising from the fall in real money balances ought to push the IS curve to the left and actually generate unemployment so the implied dynamic might actually be a fall in money wages (of course, in the process of the original adjustment, IS and LM could move concurrentlyRead MoreMaking Sense Of The Us Labour Market Essay1450 Words   |  6 Pagesof the US Labour Market The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) makes no secret that it attaches a higher policy weight to seemingly tight labour market conditions vis-à  -vis low inflation readings. Given this bias, therefore, it is essential that the FOMC accurately assesses whether the economy is indeed at full employment. 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NotRead MoreStructural Unemployment : A Large Proportion Of The Unemployed1236 Words   |  5 Pageswith, a large proportion of the unemployed is caused by structural unemployment, which refers to a mismatch between skills demanded of workers and skills that employees could supply (Anderton, 2008:210). It includes three typical components, which are regional, sectoral and technological unemployment. Firstly, when structural unemployment exerts an influence on the economy of a particular area, it is called regional unemployment. With ‘Reform and Opening’ implemented, eastern coastal provinces ofRead More10 years GDP report on Singapore1119 Words   |  5 Pageshas enjoyed growth and employment rate has remained high over the years (Singstat.gov.sg, 2014; App.mof.gov.sg, 2014). The consumer price index (CPI) is also on a steady rise on year-to-year basis (Singstat.gov.sg, 2014; App.mof.gov.sg, 2014). 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Financial Analysis of McDonalds Company - 1482 Words

Financial Analysis of the McDonald’s Company MCD, exchange where traded NYSE 2111 Midwest Road, Oak Brook, IL 60523 (630) 623-3000 PART 1, COMPANY OVERVIEW: a. McDonald’s is an American fast food chain that sells a variety of fast food alternatives, but most notably has earned its reputation and success for the hamburger. It is the largest fast food chain in the world, with globally recognized â€Å"golden arches† symbolizing a reliable meal can be had in over 119 countries. McDonald’s has continued to develop their menu to reflect the desire/demands of their customers. The current CEO of McDonald’s is Mr. Don Thompson. b. McDonald’s was started in the 1940s as a BBQ restaurant owned and operated by Richard and†¦show more content†¦In order to increase their profit margin, McDonald’s must continue to try and find ways to reduce COGS. This is because many of the other expenses are much harder to influence. Selling General and Administrative (SGA) expenses have most likely already been trimmed to the minimum over the company’s life, taxes are required by the Government, and interest expense makes up only a small portion of expenses. The company may need to do a cost-benefit analysis to determine what may be done to reduce COGS. One idea may to better vertically integrate the company, or to remove menu items which are unpopular and/or seasonal. c. Assets Distribution: Year-end FY 2011 Assets:  Cash 2.3 Accounts Receivable 1.3 Inventory 0.12 Fixed Assets (PPE) 22.8 Other Assets 1.67  PIE CHART OF ASSETS, Year-end FY 2011 COMMENTS: As depicted in the chart, the companies’ assets are largely fixed. This comes as no surprise since the company consists of over 33,000 restaurant locations worldwide. The percentage of fixed assets as compared to current assets does mean though that the company is not liquid, which means it cannot quickly convert its assets to cash. The low inventory which actually makes up just 0.4% of the asset distribution is normal due to the fact that the company is a restaurant chain, and much of the product has a quick shelf life. c. Capital Structure: Year-end FY 2011 Capital Structure:Show MoreRelatedMcdonald s Corporation International Financial Performance Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper analyzes McDonald s corporation and Wendy s corporation international financial performance. Data for various financial ratios have been adopted from income statement, balance sheet and cash flow statement. The biggest fast food chains and widely known are McDonald s and Wendy s. To compare these two companies financial capabilities we will have to look at current ratio, earnings per share, earnings/price, equity/debt ratio and divided yield all need to be carefully thought out toRead MoreMcdonald s Corporation : The World s Largest Chain Of Fast Food Restaurants Essay1600 Words   |  7 Pagesworldwide (McDonald s, n.d.). 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Human Computer Interaction Development and Management

Question: Discuss about the Human Computer InteractionforDevelopment and Management. Answer: Introduction of the Nominated Website Myer is a retail market chain which is situated in Australia. In 1900 MYERs was founded by Sydney Myer in Bendigo Australia. This market deals with broad range of products for men, women, childrens accessories and clothing as well as footwear. It also deals with cosmetics fragrances, homewares, electrical equipment, furniture travelling goods. Many Australian models serve as a FACE OF MYER. It is Australias largest and well known department store. The main headquarter of MYER is situated in Docklands, Melbourne. Now Myer have over 14000 workers working in their departmental stores (Barrier, 2002). Myer is the only stores which have many chains in different states of Australia. IN 1921 after purchasing the Doveton woollen mill Sydney Myer opens Myer Emporium in the same building in Melbourne. After few years of business Myer shares were listed in Melbourne Stock exchange then after the company gained interest in the market in 1925, the companys shares were also listed in Adelaide stoc k exchange. In 1934 the company had 5300 workers worker under them they also provided medical facilities as well rest rooms for the workers. After the death of the founder Sydney Myer in 1934 the responsibility of the business were given in the hand of Elcon Myer. After doing a successful business in Australia, Myer became Australias main property owners as well as developer. In the year 1968 Myer purchased Geelongs Lindsays stores and they renamed the business named as Target. They made the store as Discount departmental store (Chen, 2001). By introducing this new method business the company gained huge amount of profit and this method of doing business became successful. In 1985 Myer emporium merge with GJColes Coy and the companies name became Coles Myer limited. In 2006 after demerge from Cole Myer limited Myer made a history making clearance sale from $1.5 billion to $750 million. After crossing all hurdles in the year 2011 Myer first launch its online shopping sites. In 2015 t he company has updated business strategy for next five which states that the company from now will provide merchandise according to the wants of the customers. According to their glorious history the company will provide full satisfaction to the customers they will also provide shipping facilities. And nowadays due to rapid growth of e-commerce in Australia as well in many other parts of the world it will be much easier for the company to communicate with their customers so that they could deliver a proper product which is selected by the customers (Ghaoui, 2006). The new strategy which is developed by the company is founded by the advanced data analytics. This strategy will improve customer satisfaction which will lead to high sales and high profit. Every year due to the new strategy of business over 130 million customers visits Myer every year. Now whole over Australia there is 66 stores in which 23 stores are situated in the main cities of Australia. It is the fast growing Omni c hannel business which means it provides a proper multinational way of approach towards customers which helps customers shopping experience more enjoyable. And now due to the new strategy of business the customers by sitting at their home can buy and sell goods by using mobile phone or desktop because the company now provides cash on delivery services. Features of the Website Nowadays the online stores run smoothly by the help of ecommerce shopping cart engine. Myer is a well-known famous company in Australia. The companys website provides payment option for their customers, they accept credit cards as well as debit card and another option that is cash on delivery services which is also available by the company (Jacko, 2009). The company also offers option such as PayPal, Google checkout which attracts many young customers. The company provides time saving site search facilities for the customers so that customers could easily find the product of their own choice. The category facilities are also provided in the sites so that it will be easier for men and women to find the products of their own choice. Product review is also available by the site. The product review is needed because one cannot have idea which material is used in making of the product which he or she has selected from the site and it has been seen that around 65% of people in world buys p roduct by observing the review and the ratings of the products that why it is necessary for every online shopping site to provide product review and Myer also provides product review (Jameson, 2013). Wish list facilities are also provided by Myer. Every person does have money at every point of time so people save their selected product in the wish list when they will have the amount they could easily buy the product without wasting any time. The company also provides real time inventory to the customers many that many sites do not show the actual money. Myer have real time inventory facilities that display the amount in the computer screen which is to be paid off. This is one of the trusted e-commerce site as well as retail market. Positive Aspects Many big online shopping sites do not provide any order tracking facilities but Myer provides order tracking facilities. Order tracking facilities gives a rough expectation to the customers when the product will reach to himher. By introducing order tracking facilities the customer gains confidence that the product will be delivered to them and no fraud case will take place (Lewis, 1990). Myer also provide special offers to the customers by the means of gift card, discount, free shipping. This offer encourages the customers to visit the sites and an advantage is created for the shopping sites to earn a good brand value in the market. The most important point is the website security and Myer hires high grade of employees to protect their server. SSl data encryption is used to protect the server from hacking. This is the reason the customers feel save to buy from this site. The company provides full security for their customer thats why the customers feel more save to buy products from Myer and this trust from the customer gained a great brand value for the company in Australia (McKay, 2007). Negative Aspects Every e-commerce sites have technical as well as non-technical aspects. There is lack of technical support always takes place in this type of business as well as many fraud cases can also takes place. The main problem is the poor maintenance of e-commerce site (Newell and Card, 1985). And many hacking software are developing day by day which is main problem nowadays. Network problem is also a great issue in this type of business. So every business have its negative aspects but if it is properly maintained by the companies it will run smoothly but many companies cannot afford it due to high maintain cost. Review of the Nominated Website According to the research Mr. beans who is a small businessman in victoria states that he had bought a pair of shoes from Myer but from his point of view the service of the employee was average but the product was good as he was fully satisfied and he also got a birthday voucher consisting 30% off on that pair of shoes. And another person Mr. Jonny who is sportsman tried to navigate the site but he faced problem, he tried to call the customer care but the customer care were busy with other customer. He also tried to find similar link for the site but due to lack of update he was not able to open the site. But from my point of view, sometimes technical errors can takes place its ok but proper customer service is needed for the customer otherwise it will create a negative impact in the mind of the customers. So Myer should improve its customer service otherwise this sites provides genuine goods to their customers. The high managers or officers should talk with their employees so that t hey could provide good customer service towards their customer. The company has a value in the market and they cannot do anything wrong that will harm their reputation. The company should hire more employees for their customer service as well as their security services (Ockerman, 2007). They should not have any technical errors in their sites as because this will shift many customers to other shopping sites. And one of the main disadvantages of this site is return and exchange policy it takes many time for the company to exchange a product. If the product is not liked by the customer and if heshe complains for return or exchange of the product then the employee from the company will visit the customers after 2-3 days as there is no urgent exchange or return facility available in the site. This the main problem that arises if the customer buys a product and if he/she leaves the town by the next day then they might face huge problem that is why urgent exchange and return facility shou ld be introduced in the website (Preece, 1994). Conclusion From the above discussion we came to know that Myer is the leading retail market chain in Australia. The company has faced many problems in the early setup of the business but after few years of marketing it has reached to the topmost point in e-commerce as well as retailing market. It is the companies which have proud heritage as well as bright future. The product which they provide to their customer is 100% original product thats why the people of Australia prefer to buy products from this site as well from their retail shop. Myer is also the largest line departmental store group in Australia. The company also works for the promotion as well as for the development of Australia (Sarmento, 2005). Every year new business ideas are introduced by the company in market to attract customers and the employees who works under this company are highly qualified and well mannered. In every five years the Myer develop sharper strategy for more growth in the market. The four strategies of Myer a re customer led offer, beautiful overview of the site, rate of change of productivity as well as omni channel. The company also develops a sustainable strategy were the company focuses on customer, community, environment and business. This strategy is introduced for making the shopping site more attractive so that to attract more customers. The increase in customers leads to high profits. Energy packing and waste management are the main progress of the company which have reduced 2%of energy intensity. The company has made commitment on reducing waste so they have started recycling of the package. And this method of packing also reduces the packaging cost of the product. So the company provides many useful strategies as well as well as it protects the environment from global warming. So at the end the company has taken many useful steps for doing a good healthy business in Australia but the company should improve its customer services which they provide to their regular customers. An d finally we can conclude that the company should provide an urgent return and exchange facility to the customers that will attract more customers to the companys e-commerce site. References Barrier, T. (2002).Human computer interaction development and management. Hershey, PA: IRM Press. Chen, Q. (2001).Human computer interaction. Hershey, Pa.: Idea Group Pub. Ghaoui, C. (2006).Encyclopedia of human computer interaction. Hershey PA: Idea Group Reference. International Journal of HumanComputer Interaction Reviewers 2015. (2016).International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 32(2), pp.87-88. Jacko, J. (2009).Human-computer interaction. Berlin: Springer. Jameson, A. (2013). Choice Architecture for Human-Computer Interaction.FNT in HumanComputer Interaction, 7(12), pp.1-235. Lewis, C. (1990). A Research Agenda for the Nineties in Human-Computer Interaction.HumanComputer Interaction, 5(2-3), pp.125-143. McKay, E. (2007).Enhancing learning through human computer interaction. Hershey: Idea Group Reference. Newell, A. and Card, S. (1985). The Prospects for Psychological Science in Human-Computer Interaction.HumanComputer Interaction, 1(3), pp.209-242. Ockerman, J. (2007). Understanding Mobile Human-Computer Interaction.International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 22(3), pp.289-290. Preece, J. (1994).Human-computer interaction. Wokingham, England: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co. Ritter, W. (2011). Benefits of Subliminal Feedback Loops in Human-Computer Interaction.Advances in Human-Computer Interaction, 2011, pp.1-11. Sarmento, A. (2005).Issues of human computer interaction. Hershey PA: IRM Press. Shneiderman, B. (1990). Future directions for human computer interaction.International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 2(1), pp.73-90. Silverman, B. (1992). Human-Computer Collaboration.Human-Comp. Interaction, 7(2), pp.165-196. Steele, D. (1992).Human computer interaction. London: DISC, BSi Standards. Stephanidis, C. (2009).Universal access in human-computer interaction. Berlin: Springer.

Life is most precious to everyone and everything Essay Example

Life is most precious to everyone and everything Essay Life is most precious to everyone and everything. Without life we would not have a proper civilisation, people would live forever or not even exist at all. What if I said to someone that I was going to take their life for something I presumed they had done? The death penalty, sometimes called capital punishment was introduced in bible times, if somebody so much as stole a piece of bread they would be gave the death penalty. A painful and slow death was usually the outcome, where someone would be starved until they where malnourished and die from starvation. Jesus was crucified on the cross for saying that he was the king of the Jews. Nobody could prove this man to be guilty, so why was he crucified? Why was his life wasted? In the twenty and twenty first century the use of the death penalty is much more infrequent due to many protests about its wide use in 1967 where the United Nations found that it was widely used. In some counties you can be handed the death penalty for things such as cheating on your husband. For instance in 2002 a women was took unwillingly into the street and stoned to death for cheating on her husband. She was the mother of three children and now she cant fend or care for them. Some states in the U.S.A are still keeping the death penalty because they believe that it is the only rightful way to treat somebody who has committed serious crimes. Do you believe this? Most states only hand out the death penalty if the person had killed one or more people in a malicious attack. I think that people are innocent until proven guilty, and should not be handed the death penalty but should be imprisoned for life if later found guilty. We will write a custom essay sample on Life is most precious to everyone and everything specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Life is most precious to everyone and everything specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Life is most precious to everyone and everything specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In some poor countries in Africa they have poor prison systems and cant cope with the numbers of people who commit crimes. They hand the death penalty for those who commit crimes such as theft to those who have killed time and time again. It is the only way they can punish people for the wrong they have done. Stealing a piece of bread to killing twenty people does not compare one way in the slightest. A UN survey in 1990 revealed that forty-three countries had abolished the death penalty entirely, seventeen had retained it but only for exceptional crimes such as treason, twenty-four had retained it but not used it for at least ten years, and ninety-seven were still using it. The abolitionist countries were widely scattered, including, for example, the Philippines and Namibia, but were mostly to be found in Europe and Latin America. Although the number of abolitionist states had doubled since the previous survey in 1967, the UN found unwavering official support for capital punishment in many countries in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. Islamic law (the sharia) imposes capital punishment for certain offences, and capital punishment is enforced in those countries where the sharia forms the legal code, and in many countries where the sharia is drawn on as the basis for the legal code. Capital punishment has long been the subject of dispute. While proponents argue that it is a neces sary deterrent to the most serious crime, more so than the alternative of life imprisonment, opponents argue either that it is in violation of the human right to life or that inevitable miscarriages of justice will lead to the execution of innocent people. Furthermore, a careful review of the research evidence suggests that capital punishment has no greater deterrent effect than life imprisonment. It says in the bible, thou shall not kill so why go against your religion? Why kill? Why take a life? A life should not be taken and if you sentence someone to death you would be just as bad as him or her, a murderer. It also says in the bible, do until others as they have done unto you punish people for what they have done. Punishing people does not mean that you have to kill them using crude methods. In Africa they put people on public execution, people actually go to pay and watch people suffer for crimes that they are not sure they committed. Putting someone in prison unto they are proven innocent is a good idea. This way they will suffer more over the years and regret what they have done. If they are found innocent in later years they can walk away but you cant walk away when you are dead. Think of what is must be like to be on death row? Waiting around for that moment, to find out if you will live or die. At this moment 1.2% of the American population is on death row awaiting the outcome of a jury who doesnt even no them? How would you feel if this was you? The death penalty should be abolished? Other issues shroud the death penalty such as racism. For in the 60s if there was a African American on trial, there was usually a white jury. The white jury would convict the African American no matter what the evidence was. Also foreign nationals fit into The death penalty can have good aspects also, in some states it is put in place for real serious crimes but rarely ever used. In these states people are scared to do wrong incase they face the death penalty. I believe that the death penalty is wrong because if you hand someone the death penalty it is just as bad as the crime they have committed themselves. The death penalty should be abolished in those remaining states in America; due to it being a huge powerful country with good prisons. It doesnt look good if the death penalty is still been imposed in a modern economical country. As for the counties, which dont have a good law ,system they should start to imprison those suspected of committing violent crimes, too many people are being murdered because of things that they havent been proven guilty off. I think that the death penalty should be abolished, it was save lives, humiliation, if later found out that they didnt do it and it would make people afraid of going to jail for the rest of their lives. Do you want to be killed knowing you didnt commit the crime? Do you?

Reducing Violent Street Gangs and Delinquent Activity in a Cost

Free Essays on Teenage OCD

TEENAGE OCD Many teens suffer from a variety of disorders. These disorders include eating disorders, social disorders, behavioral disorders, and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, or OCD. In OCD, it is as though the brain gets stuck on a particular thought or urge and won’t let go. This can persist throughout a person’s life; gradually worsening.OCD has a few different forms, including the fear of dirt and germs, compulsive hoarding, disturbing mental images of aggressiveness, and most commonly, rituals of counting or arranging objects. For teenagers this is a major problem because the compulsions can cause interference with daily life. For example, one obsessive disorder, which affects some teens, called Body Dysmorphic Disorder, can have a person staring into a mirror for hours at a time, trying to fix something which they feel is unattractive. This can create excessive concerns about someone’s personal appearance, which can consume major amounts of time. Doing so could possibly cause a teen to be late for school or work. Another compulsion teenagers face is the constant washing of the hands. They may feel that their hands are covered in germs and contamination, which causes them to wash their hands uncontrollably. This can cause their hands to become raw, and they may avoid touching door handles or commonly used things, for fear that they may catch diseases or infections. Teenagers commonly keep these disorders secret, because they are afraid that they will be seen as weird by their peers. There are a few different types of treatments for OCD. One is called Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, or CBT. In CBT, you are exposed to things which you fear, so that eventually your fear subsides. For example, if a patient is afraid of germs on their hands, the doctor may have the patient try and touch things that would normally raise high amounts of anxiety. Medication can also be used to help a teen deal with OCD. While rese... Free Essays on Teenage OCD Free Essays on Teenage OCD TEENAGE OCD Many teens suffer from a variety of disorders. These disorders include eating disorders, social disorders, behavioral disorders, and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, or OCD. In OCD, it is as though the brain gets stuck on a particular thought or urge and won’t let go. This can persist throughout a person’s life; gradually worsening.OCD has a few different forms, including the fear of dirt and germs, compulsive hoarding, disturbing mental images of aggressiveness, and most commonly, rituals of counting or arranging objects. For teenagers this is a major problem because the compulsions can cause interference with daily life. For example, one obsessive disorder, which affects some teens, called Body Dysmorphic Disorder, can have a person staring into a mirror for hours at a time, trying to fix something which they feel is unattractive. This can create excessive concerns about someone’s personal appearance, which can consume major amounts of time. Doing so could possibly cause a teen to be late for school or work. Another compulsion teenagers face is the constant washing of the hands. They may feel that their hands are covered in germs and contamination, which causes them to wash their hands uncontrollably. This can cause their hands to become raw, and they may avoid touching door handles or commonly used things, for fear that they may catch diseases or infections. Teenagers commonly keep these disorders secret, because they are afraid that they will be seen as weird by their peers. There are a few different types of treatments for OCD. One is called Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, or CBT. In CBT, you are exposed to things which you fear, so that eventually your fear subsides. For example, if a patient is afraid of germs on their hands, the doctor may have the patient try and touch things that would normally raise high amounts of anxiety. Medication can also be used to help a teen deal with OCD. While rese...

My Functionality as a Leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

My Functionality as a Leader - Essay Example It also involves me working and moving back and forth between aspects of transactional leadership and transformational leadership. Specifically, I work with the finances at a veterinarian hospital, so most of the time I rely on the use of transactional leadership. As a leader in my workplace, the context and conflict caused by diversity is a constant occurrence. Diversity can be defined in my workplace not only by race, but also by occupation, age, upbringing, etc. In order to be an effective leader, I had to learn how to integrate all of these different aspects into one cohesive unit to achieve our collective goals. Sometimes this was difficult and other times it was hard. Differences in occupation are one of the hardest ones to address because of the conflicting nature of each occupation. Some work under me with finance and we have to cooperate with nurses, physician assistants, doctors, maintenance work, etc. Under the terms of the prime minister, he calls for corporate responsibi lity of health care as well as measuring progress and outcome. In my particular area of administration this is what I focus on because it is necessary as a leader to take responsibility for ones actions as well as being aware of the progress being made by not only my department, but also by the university (Department of Health and Social Security, 1972). Because each group focuses on a different aspect of the work we do at the veterinarian university, sometimes when we are forced to work together on a multidisciplinary problem, each person focuses on solving it from his/her perspective rather than trying to find a unified solution. Also, other problems with diversity range from the decreasing of females in the workforce and the increase in males. This sexual inequality sometimes creates tension not only among individual apartments, but also among our workplace as a whole. As a leader, I have to be able to deal with these problems in diversity quickly and efficiently while using soun d judgment and making sure that we stay functional. The first important component in the scheme of diversity is understanding the protocol and policies in which the nature of my work focuses on. The healthcare world is constantly updating and changing. As a leader, it is my responsibility to be adaptable and get these changes out to my subordinates so they are completely informed when they are dealing with their work. This also includes being aware of policies that are not only made by national standards, but also by our work center. By being proactively involved in the creation of better and more incorporating policies, differences in diversity as well as making work more efficient and effective can result (Hughes, 2005). In addition to being adaptable, the nature of my work requires me to be proactive in change. This occurs by me using my political and social influences and knowledge in order to shape policy (Thomas et al., 2004). This requires me to have knowledge of how to know what policies I want to effect as well as the tactics to go about doing it as well as who it will effect (Antrobus et al., 2009). This requires knowing what my vision of my department is and trying to influence it in such a way that I will see the desired changes. While diversity can promote development within the workplace, sometimes it can hinder it was well. In particular, my role as a manager at a clinical hospital often relies on the interaction with not only my staff, but that of others as well. For example, once I had a problem dealing with the payment of insurance for a patient’s pet that was checked in for surgery. This required communication and understanding not only within the hospital as far as clinical staff, but also with the

Controversial topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Controversial topic - Essay Example Several possible negative effects have been listed that risks the environment, human health and socio-economic concerns. The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations discussed the possibility of genes introduced in GMOs escaping or transferring to other members of the same species and perhaps other species that are the non-target. These transgenes or foreign DNA sequence interaction in the cell, plant or ecosystem level, once released will be impossible to recall. Furthermore, there are no conclusive tests to affirm that artificial insertion of genes will not destabilize an organism, encourage mutations or whether the inserted gene itself will be stable in the organism over generations (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). There is also a well-placed concern on the possibility of introducing foreign genes would negatively impact the health of humans. Author Doris Lin cited studies conducted on rats on a GMO diet that showed problems in their liver and kidneys (Lin). A point to also consider with GMOs is it might result to the birth of a different allergen that can develop life-threatening allergies in people. Socio-economically, the biotechnology research which is the precursor of GMOs is actually lengthy and costly process spearheaded by the private sector. It is big business, with the wish to ensure the return of investment. Advocates have raised their concerns that the market dominance in the agricultural sector would cause the famers’ loss of access to plant material. These would deeply impact small-scale farmers by making them pay for crop varieties bred from genetic material that originally came from their own fields but whose specific genetic modification strains have been patented by big agro-biotech companies (Whitman). If these companies would raise the price of the seeds for their own profit and advancement, small

Communication in media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Communication in media - Essay Example In addition to this, the growth in the Internet sphere has been phenomenal. The European Union along with United Kingdom has been one of the first few to recognize the rising problems in this sector and the need to control the media and its happenings. In addition to these technology changes, it is also found that there is a growing convergence of all the technologies. Every one of these services is available on any of the media that is needed by the user (European Commission, 1997). Controlling and monitoring the changes that are happening in the industry is becoming more important. This paper would review the nature of changes that have come about in the industry and the need to control and monitor them. It explains the effective ness of the control that is already in place in UK in the form of Ofcom and what are the major lacunas in the controlling mechanism. Though UK and the media all over the world has been talking of self-control, frequently media has overstepped its brief and has trespassed into the private domain. Ofcom was launched as a regulatory authority to ensure that adequate and appropriate control exists in the wireless sector as well as to ensure that the media does not trespass into private domain and sink the liberty of the individual in the name of media liberty. Regulation is required to also ensure that there is no chaos in the wireless world. With new medias like the telephones getting highly personal, the infringement of private domain is happening too frequently. This necessitates regulation. 3. History of Regulation in UK and Europe 3.1 Early Regulations on Media Media regulation in UK started in the form of a Press Complaints Commission, which was an independent body that was working on the various complaints and issues that came about the press reports, and accuracy of the information or the personal infringement it caused. By June 1990, government's Committee on Privacy issued a report that made clear submissions about the pseudo independence of the Press Complaints Committee and reported reservations on the way the press and the media worked (Laurence Raw, 1998). Government at that time issued a stern warning to the press to organize themselves if they did not want government to interfere in their working. By 1993, the second committee recommended an ombudsman for taking care of the press invasions into privacy and also a Press Commission that would monitor the press freedom as well as ensure that the limits are not surpassed. However, the government passed regulations as a part of the civil law to restrain press from 'spying, prying, watching and besetting' into the private affairs of an individual citizen. The other regulations on the broadcasting media were the Broadcasting Acts of 1990 and 1996. 3.2 Regulation of Television in UK and Europe 1990s also saw massive changes sweeping the European Union as well. Television without Frontiers (TWF) and Open Network Provision (ONP) form the core of the early regulation regime in Europe. When the regulation was introduced, it invoked negative reaction from the industry, which foresaw the reentry of controls in the industry as the form of regulatory mechanisms. The 1989 'TWF' regulation paved way for viewing television as a service and one that could transcend the national borders across the

Impact of EU Fixed Term Work Directive: Scientific Research

Impact of EU Fixed Term Work Directive: Scientific Research Employment/Policies for Scientific Researchers: Is the EU Fixed Term Work Directive of any Assistance to Scientific Researchers in the UK? Introduction This dissertation proposal proposes to examine the impact of the new EU Fixed Term Directive on contract researchers throughout the UK. Its scope and potential for impact is quite wide, yet its workability and prospective effectiveness remains to be seen. Its aim is to increase levels of stability, consistency and equality among employees within Europe, which are employment conditions, from which scientific researchers on short term contracts in the UK have arguably been distanced from due to the nature of their employment. Also, the legislation is aimed at making research work between member states easier to access for EU citizens. The legislation also aims to make the EU a more attractive work destination, for, for example Chinese scientists who have a lot to contribute to European academia. The legislation applies to both private and public sector actors, and will also impact firms and universities employing researchers. The wider socio-political environment, the continued concentration of power with the European Commission and the growing influence of European Institutions upon actors operating at member state level will be examined in the writer’s proposed research, as this will ultimately contextualise both the final recommendations of the research and the processes of the proposed research as it unfolds. The proposed research will examine the research question from a primary data collection angle, and accordingly data will be collected in relation to how many individuals in the UK work as scientific researchers, and these individuals will be asked to contribute to the research by articulating their views on the potential workability and usefulness of the Directive. Also, employers, such as universities, public laboratories and firms will be approached in an effort to gather information from a wide variety of actors who will experience the impact of the new legislation. Data will be collected from other actors with expertise on the issues which relate to the employment of scientific researchers within the EU. The Research Question The research question will address the potential workability and usefulness of the new EU Fixed Term Directive; how it may be critiqued and how it may be improved. The research question will be addressed using primary and secondary research. The research question will be assessed qualitatively, and quantitatively, in an approach known as methodological pluralism. The next section will examine the background and aims of the EU Fixed Term Work Directive in a more in depth way, and it will give details on what literatures will be used and why. Review Literatures which give detailed background on the new Directive and literatures which provide background on the wider role of the EU will be used to create a point of reference for the study, and as they will help the guide the writer in identifying where gaps in the literature exist, and where research will best be concentrated. The literature which has been relied upon by the EU to gather background information in relation to the situation of scientific researchers on short term contracts is not an exhaustive body of research, and it is anticipated that this proposed research will add to this literature. The European Commission has become a deeply influential body[1]. Accordingly, its proposals in terms of legislation and social policy within the sphere of employment law have become fundamentally important for both employees and employers operating within Europe[2]. Therefore, the European Commission’s recent indications that it wished to address what it termed the ‘abuse’ of fixed term contracts, ‘through their continued use’ had many legislative and political consequences for employers and employees operating within the European Union[3]. In terms of operationalising their concerns, the Commission has recently called for all European Union member states to desist from what the Commission regarded as ‘short-term’ contract misuse through engaging in collective bargaining or through the implementation of domestic legislation. Many of the UK’s estimated 40000 researchers[4] will be impacted by the new EU Fixed Term Directive which proposes to ensure that fixed term contracts, under which many of these employees work, are made permanent after a period of four years. Also, the Directive requires that employers offer contract researchers equal terms of employment, compared with those enjoyed by permanent staff, in relation to departmental committees and maternity leave provisions[5]. However, the Directive allows employers to extricate themselves from having to implement the Directive, in circumstances where they can show specific and objective reasons for doing this[6]. Other criticisms of the new legislation are that it does not go far enough to prevent or discourage the ‘misuse’ of short term contracts, since contractual periods of any length are still legally enforceable under the legislation. Also, as the chairman of the Association of Researchers in Medicine and Science, Stephen Hopkins has commented, contracts may be terminated before the expiration of the four year period[7]. Also, it is unclear how much of an impact the legislation would have upon scientific researcher’s whose contracts are tied to external sources of funding and are therefore terminable upon the expiration of funds. However, the functions and circumstances of scientific researchers within the UK remain understudied and obscure. For example, there is little data which tells us what the exact number of researchers who are working on short term contracts, in the academic community is, and accordingly the extent of the impact of the new legislation is unclear. It would therefore be sensible to attempt to gauge these figures, and accordingly the proposed research will address this gap in the literature on this subject. Also, since the legislation is relatively new, little literature is available on the viewpoints of individual scientific researchers, and due to this, in particular the relevance of the proposed research can be seen to be even more sharply defined. These perspectives will allow the new legislation to be evaluated with reference to the views of those who are constrained and impacted by it. Ogbonna and Noon (2001) gives us further insight into the concept of ‘equality’ and equal opportunities with the context of the European Union: ‘There are two separate aspects to evaluating the effectiveness of equal opportunities policies†¦The liberal approach aims to provide equality of opportunity, and relies on fair procedures, bureaucratic processes, and a sense of justice being seen to be done. The emphasis is on the principle of recognising individual merit, rather than on any notion of providing social justice in relation to under-represented or disadvantaged groups. The radical approach is interested in equalising outcomes, and thus emphasises the fair and equal distribution of rewards, and positive discrimination†¦[8]’. As we have seen explained in previous sections, the new Directive is predicated upon a desire to offer contract researchers working within universities greater job security and more equal rights compared with other categories of professionals, like veterinary surgeons and doctors whose rights have been embodied prescriptively through EU legislation, particularly within the last five years. The research will therefore, also address literature on how the new legislation will impact upon the concepts of equality and equal opportunities within the EU. Research Design As has been explained, the focus of the research will be methodologically pluralistic in nature. This means that both qualitative and quantitative methods[9] will be relied upon to implement the proposed research. Qualitative research regards reality as a subjectively evolving social construct, whereas quantitative research is more specific and confirmatory. The meaning and application of both disciplines can be illustrated with reference to these two quotations: ‘Historians have always analysed documentary evidence, much of it non-quantitative data such as correspondence, as their primary source material, and through oral history methods have added in-depth interviewing to their repertoire†¦Organisational theory has been based largely on case studies created from an amalgam of observation, documentary material and interviews†¦[10]’. ‘Quantitative research is frequently referred to as hypothesis-testing research (Kerlinger, 1964)†¦Characteristically, studies begin with statements of theory from which research hypotheses are derived†¦[11]’. Therefore, the research design of this project will draw from both of these disciplines to construct the research framework, and gather primary information. Qualitative data will be primarily relied upon to gather the primary data needed for the operationalisation of the research. Semi-Structured interviews (this involves information exchange usually on a one to one basis) and focus groups[12] (these are groups interviews, usually led by the researcher) will be used to gather the qualitative data from research scientists working within the UK and surveys will be used to gather data in respect of the numbers of individuals the new legislation is likely to affect. Experts such as representatives of the European Industrial Research Managers Association, and the Association of Researcher in Medicine and Science will be interviewed. Within the qualitative arm of the study, semi-structured interviews will be mainly relied upon for practical reasons, since logistically, conducting focus group interviews, when dealing with a niche community like scientific researchers, and representatives from those actors who employ them like universities might be difficult to organise. The research design is pluralistic in nature, since this will provide a holistic context from which to examine the topic of employment law and policy in the context of scientific researchers. GANNT Chart/Discussion of Implementation The project will be implemented over approximately a three month period. The writer anticipates that they will implement the project alone. Various resources will be needed, such as access to libraries, equipment and respondents. The implementation of the research, and the time-scales which certain aspects of the research design must accord with may be represented diagrammatically in the following way: Chapter Headings Introduction: Background to the Study Literature Review: The EU Fixed Term Directive and the Role of the EU Commission Methodology Results and Discussion: New Models for Evaluating the Employment Circumstances of Scientific Researchers Conclusion Evaluation of Possible Problems and Barriers to Completion. The research project will be limited and constrained in many ways, as is the case with every research initiative. Resources with which to implement this project are finite and there is a very limited time scale to work within. Accordingly, the project design must be cogent and well-organised if the implementation of the research is to run smoothly. The writer does anticipate that the problem of representation may be a barrier to the implementation of the research design. Any research which claims to survey a group of individuals, and then seeks to comment upon the situation of a group of individuals in similar circumstances, imputes that the research is representative of those individuals and of that group, yet, there can be problems with the concept of representation. Therefore, the writer must ensure that representation bias is not introduced within the research design by over-reliance on the views of any particular age, gender or ethnic group. Also, a relatively large sample must be taken to ensure that trends which are discerned are not just random occurrences or anomalies[13]. Observance of ethical research methods will help to facilitate the research, since respondents are more likely to be willing to participate if they know that the information they impart will be used ethically. Therefore, matters such as confidentiality and informed consent will need to researched in detail and absorbed within the research design. However, these barriers to completion and potential problems will only thwart the prospective research if they are not addressed and recognised before the research is conducted. Also, they will need to be made reference to in the writing up of the research since to ignore potential barriers to completion in the write-up of one’s research is to, by default, suggest that they have been eliminated or are not relevant. This could therefore lead to the research indirectly being biased. Therefore, the writer will give an honest account of how problems have been identified and addressed throughout the research. Also, if the writer needs to travel to conduct research, journeys will be planned in advance and cost will therefore be minimised. Overall, therefore this proposed research will evaluate the usefulness and prospective workability of the EU Fixed Term Work Directive, by gauging the opinions of those most likely to be affected by it. Bibliography Books Benz, C. and Newman, I. (1998) Qualitative-Quantitative Research Methodology: Exploring the Interactive Continuum. Publisher: Southern Illinois University Press. Place of Publication: Carbondale, IL. Darlington, Y. and Scott, D. (2002) Qualitative Research in Practice: Stories from the Field. Publisher: Allen Unwin. Place of Publication: Crows Nest, N.S.W.. Frankfort-Nachmias, C. and Nachmias, D. (1996) Research Methods in the Social Sciences. Publisher: Arnold Publishers. Place of Publication; London. Noon, M. and Ogbonna, E. (2001) Equality, Diversity and Disadvantage in Employment. Publisher: Palgrave. Place of Publication: Basingstoke, England. Roberts, I. and Springer, B. (2001) Social Policy in the European Union: Between Harmonization and National Autonomy. Publisher: Lynne Rienner. Place of Publication: Boulder, CO. Article Payne, D. (2002) New Job Security for UK Researchers on Short Term Contracts? The ELSO Gazette. Issue 12. 1 Footnotes [1] P151. Roberts, I. and Springer, B. (2001) Social Policy in the European Union: Between Harmonization and National Autonomy. Publisher: Lynne Rienner. Place of Publication: Boulder, CO. [2] P16. Noon, M. and Ogbonna, E. (2001) Equality, Diversity and Disadvantage in Employment. Publisher: Palgrave. Place of Publication: Basingstoke, England. [3] P1. Payne, D. (2002) New Job Security for UK Researchers on Short Term Contracts? The ELSO Gazette. Issue 12. [4] P1. Payne, D. (2002) New Job Security for UK Researchers on Short Term Contracts? The ELSO Gazette. Issue 12. [5] P1. Payne, D. (2002) New Job Security for UK Researchers on Short Term Contracts? The ELSO Gazette. Issue 12. [6] P1. Payne, D. (2002) New Job Security for UK Researchers on Short Term Contracts? The ELSO Gazette. Issue 12. [7] P1. Payne, D. (2002) New Job Security for UK Researchers on Short Term Contracts? The ELSO Gazette. Issue 12. [8] P16. Noon, M. and Ogbonna, E. (2001) Equality, Diversity and Disadvantage in Employment. Publisher: Palgrave. Place of Publication: Basingstoke, England. [9] See Chapters One and Two of: Frankfort-Nachmias, C. and Nachmias, D. (1996) Research Methods in the Social Sciences. Publisher: Arnold Publishers. Place of Publication; London. [10] P2. Darlington, Y. and Scott, D. (2002) Qualitative Research in Practice: Stories from the Field. Publisher: Allen Unwin. Place of Publication: Crows Nest, N.S.W.. [11] P19. Benz, C. and Newman, I. (1998) Qualitative-Quantitative Research Methodology: Exploring the Interactive Continuum. Publisher: Southern Illinois University Press. Place of Publication: Carbondale, IL. [12] P19. Benz, C. and Newman, I. (1998) Qualitative-Quantitative Research Methodology: Exploring the Interactive Continuum. Publisher: Southern Illinois University Press. Place of Publication: Carbondale, IL. [13] P19. Benz, C. and Newman, I. (1998) Qualitative-Quantitative Research Methodology: Exploring the Interactive Continuum. Publisher: Southern Illinois University Press. Place of Publication: Carbondale, IL.

Essay --

Thirty Years’ War The Thirty Years' War was a series of wars fought in the Holy Roman empire, involving most of the countries within, the war lasted 30 years. This war massively affected europe and created a cultural divide between catholics and protestants. Philip III of Spain attempted to continue the foreign policy views of his father, Philip II, which basically meant that Spain had to be kept ready for war. Thus in 1618, when Ferdinand II, heir apparent to the throne of Bohemia, began to slash certain religious privileges enjoyed by his subjects there, they immediately appealed for aid to the Protestants in the rest of the empire and to the leading foreign Protestant states: Great Britain, the Dutch Republic, and Denmark (Trueman). Even though the war between the German Catholics and German Protestants were all in the Holy Roman Empire were both Christian it slowly spread was more of a fight over the balance of power. There were two sides in the Thirty Years’ War the Protestant League and the Catholic League. The Protestant League consisted of Frederick of Bohemia who was the leader of the Protestant princes, Denmark led by king Christian IV, Sweden led by king Gustavus Adolphus, and the Netherlands led by the house of orange all financially supported by king of France Louis XIII. The Catholic League consisted of the leader Duke Maximillian of Bavaria, Holy Roman Empire Led by Emperor Ferdinand II, and king of Spain Philip IV (Billiet). There were five major phases of the Thirty Years’ War the Bohemian Revolt, Palatinate phase, Danish intervention, Swedish intervention, and the French intervention (Thomas). In the Bohemian phase a group of Bohemian Protestants captured the governors of prague and threw them out of the palace w... ...ing both flanks the remaining infantry moved to attack the Tercio of Naples (the best unit in the Spanish army). The German infantry failed horrendously, and the Spanish veterans held their ground due to some help from the musketeers in the woods. The spanish managed to wound Brunswick and drove his army off the field. The Protestants lost 3,000, 500 were wounded, and 1,500 captured. The spanish couldn’t have asked for a better fight. The Spanish suffered 300 dead and 900 wounded. The following day the Spanish cavalry obliterated the remaining Protestant infantry as they marched. Of the 24,000 men that left the Palatine that day only 3,000 Protestant cavalry managed to reach the next town (Thomas). As shown many times in historical past battles like the persians vs. the greeks numbers don’t matter its the strategy and will of the people to protect their way of life.

Overview of Learning Styles Essay

Learning is a very personal experience for every person individually, However, I had not realized the extent of how personal, learning actually is in reality. I was amazed each week as I learned about learning with personal Learning Patterns, how each pattern works, and how my use of each pattern affects not only the way I learn; but the way I work, perform tasks, and interact with others. I was blown away by the profound effects these Learning Patterns can have, both positively and negatively, if not used properly. Before this course, my definition of learning was very generic, stating that learning is integral to success and that one should strive to learn as much as possible. While I know that those statements and beliefs are true, I would now define learning as a very personal and individual process of acquiring information based on an individual’s personal learning patterns and how they obtain, retain, and apply that information. To someone who has not taken this course, I would explain that learning is actually easier, when they know how they learn as an individual. I would explain the 4 learning patterns with brief descriptions of each and a short example of how each one works, why they are important, and how they help in regards to learning and interacting with others, or performing specific tasks. I would let them know that when you learn using these patterns, you are learning with Intention, and Intentional learning brings out the best in them and in the successful completion of their goals and dreams! I have always loved learning and embrace it with an open mind and a willingness to absorb as much knowledge as I possibly can! My Learning Pattern scores are as follows†¦ Sequence- 26 Precision-31 Technical Reasoning-19 and Confluence-26 Typically, I have used Sequence, Precision, and Confluence frequently in my life in everything from being a parent, to work related issues and achieving goals. Although, until now, I did not realize my frequent use of these patterns. I have used Technical Reasoning at certain times as well, because these 4 patterns are actually meant to work together as a team, for individuals to achieve success in all that they do. However, most people use one or more patterns to a higher degree than others and avoid some patterns altogether; therein lies the problem of not knowing  about these patterns and how they work for you personally. When you know of these patterns and know your personal use of each pattern, you can direct them, or FIT them to work as the team they are meant to be! I have benefited greatly from this course. Some of the benefits I have realized are as follows†¦ I have learned to FIT, which is to Forge, Intensify, or Tether my learning patterns, in order to get the most beneficial, maximum result from my patterns. I have learned to Forge my Technical Reasoning, so that when working with computer tech type projects, that normall y would have highly frustrated me, now has become just another step toward the completion, and I am able to follow through with ease! I have also better developed my Sequence and Precision in the way that I approach and complete assignments. Before this course, I would just sit down and write the assignment, without consciously using my learning patterns. Now, I use Sequence and Precision to pre-write a draft, edit, and review my writing, as well as critically re-reading the assignment instructions, decoding it, and double checking to ensure that I have completed all the requirements, which also requires Technical Reasoning, I also use Confluence in a better, more intentional manner as well, by brainstorming topics and looking at the â€Å"Big Picture†. After reviewing my work piece by piece, I now look at the overall presentation to ensure that my assignment is connected properly and that each part ties to the other, and the complete picture is balanced. Although, I have enjoyed it, this course has also been challenging for me and these challenges have impacted me in a very profound way. One major challenge for me was learning to FIT my learning patterns. Because I am a Strong-willed Learner, with 3 Use First lea rning patterns, it is a challenge to Tether dominant patterns when needed. For instance, I need to consciously practice Tethering my Precision because I tend to be overly descriptive, as you might have noticed! Also, Forging my Technical Reasoning remains a challenge as well. But, I now have the strategies to be able to accomplish what challenges me. I now have the help of Decoding, Word Walls, and Personal Strategy Cards to help with challenges as well. And these strategies allow me to move forward with a strong confidence, which is backed by quality resources that help to propel my achievements toward success, without frustration, and I can progress smoothly and efficiently. As I write this last paragraph, and this course comes to it’s end, I  realize how much I have really enjoyed this course, and find myself a bit sad that is already over. I really enjoyed learning about myself and how I learn as an individual, and how others learn individually. I enjoyed how each week connected to the week before and brought you to the next, as the Course’s Confluence blossomed to the Big Picture like a beautiful lotus flower , opening to showcase it’s subtle perfection, this course quietly, yet greatly makes its profound impact upon me and has made positive changes in me that I will carry with me forever; and for that, I am extremely grateful and even more proud of my decision to obtain my degree. I had expected this course to be a good course and I was confident about learning in an online platform, However, this course has greatly exceeded my expectations in every way. From getting to know my fellow classmates as they shared their lives, challenges, and dreams; to our dedicated and knowledgeable instructor who gives feedback in a very positive, understanding, and nonjudgmental way, to the confidence I have now because of the strategies I now have the option to use. I am very happy to have taken this course and I will use the beneficial knowledge I have gained from it, to obtain my degree, have success in my career, and live my life†¦ With Focused Intention!!!!

Enzyme Biochemistry - What They Are and How They Work

Enzyme Biochemistry - What They Are and How They Work An enzyme is defined as a macromolecule that catalyzes a biochemical reaction. In this type of chemical reaction, the starting molecules are called substrates. The enzyme interacts with a substrate, converting it into a new product. Most enzymes are named by combining the name of the substrate with the -ase suffix (e.g., protease, urease). Nearly all metabolic reactions inside the body rely on enzymes in order to make the reactions proceed quickly enough to be useful. Chemicals called activators can enhance enzyme activity, while inhibitors decrease enzyme activity. The study of enzymes is termed enzymology. There are six broad categories used to classify enzymes: Oxidoreductases - involved in electron transferHydrolases - cleave the substrate by hydrolysis (uptaking a water molecule)Isomerases - transfer a group in a molecule to form an isomerLigases (or synthetases) - couple the breakdown of a pyrophosphate bond in a nucleotide to the formation of new chemical bondsOxidoreductases - act in electron transferTransferases - transfer a chemical group from one molecule to another How Enzymes Work Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy needed to make a chemical reaction occur. Like other catalysts, enzymes change the equilibrium of a reaction, but they arent consumed in the process. While most catalysts can act on a number of different types of reactions, a key feature of an enzyme is that it is specific. In other words, an enzyme that catalyzes one reaction wont have any effect on a different reaction. Most enzymes are globular proteins that are much larger than the substrate with which they interact. They range in size from 62 amino acids to more than 2,500 amino acid residues, but only a portion of their structure is involved in catalysis. The enzyme has what is called an active site, which contains one or more binding sites that orient the substrate in the correct configuration, and also a catalytic site, which is the part of the molecule that lowers activation energy. The remainder of an enzymes structure acts primarily to present the active site to the substrate in the best way. There may also be allosteric site, where an activator or inhibitor can bind to cause a conformation change that affects the enzyme activity. Some enzymes require an additional chemical, called a cofactor, for catalysis to occur. The cofactor could be a metal ion or an organic molecule, such as a vitamin. Cofactors may bind loosely or tightly to enzymes. Tightly-bound cofactors are called prosthetic groups. Two explanations of how enzymes interact with substrates are the lock and key model, proposed by Emil Fischer in 1894, and the induced fit model, which is a modification of the lock and key model that was proposed by Daniel Koshland in 1958. In the lock and key model, the enzyme and the substrate have three-dimensional shapes that fit each other. The induced fit model proposes enzyme molecules can change their shape, depending on the interaction with the substrate. In this model, the enzyme and sometimes the substrate change shape as they interact until the active site is fully bound. Examples of Enzymes Over 5,000 biochemical reactions are known to be catalyzed by enzymes. The molecules are also used in industry and household products. Enzymes are used to brew beer and to make wine and cheese. Enzyme deficiencies are associated with some diseases, such as phenylketonuria and albinism. Here are a few examples of common enzymes: Amylase in saliva catalyzes the initial digestion of carbohydrates in food.Papain is a common enzyme found in meat tenderizer, where it acts to break the bonds holding protein molecules together.Enzymes are found in laundry detergent and stain removers to help break up protein stains and dissolve oils on fabrics.DNA polymerase catalyzes a reaction when DNA is being copied and then checks to make sure the correct bases are being used. Are All Enzymes Proteins? Nearly all known enzymes are proteins. At one time, it was believed all enzymes were proteins, but certain nucleic acids, called catalytic RNAs or ribozymes, have been discovered that have catalytic properties. Most of the time students study enzymes, they are really studying protein-based enzymes, since very little is known about how RNA can act as a catalyst.

010 Metaphors and Lessons Professor Ramos Blog

010 Metaphors and Lessons Quick Write Quick Write What should the reader take away after reading your narrative? Metaphors of Life We use metaphors to help people understand what we are trying to say. Instead of explaining that life comes with many surprises and so on, you can use a simple metaphor. Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what you’re going to get. Forrest Gump The metaphor explains how Forrest sees the world. His philosophy of life that he learned from his mom. It’s short and explains a lot. Now you will write some â€Å"I am like† statements and perhaps link them to times, places, or memories in your narrative. Here are some templates to follow that will help you make some of your own. At five years old, I was like a . . . At ten years old, I was like a . . . At work, I am like a . . . At school, I am like a . . . These statements can be used to illustrate scenes and examples, that further explain the points you are making in your narrative. If you want to see some other metaphors, here is a  long list of life metaphors. So What? Making the Point Clear An important aspect of writing is making sure that your point is clear. Even in these narratives where we are exploring ourselves. You want the reader to know the lesson or point you learned from reflecting and writing. Here are some questions to consider when concluding your narrative: What did you learn about literacy? How do you learn? How have others helped you? What should the reader take away after reading this? Why does this matter? The literacy narrative helps us to understand how we learned something. Whether we had a teacher, an instruction video, or from trial and error. Make sure the literacy lesson or point is clear to your reader. We are going to publish this online for the benefit of others. Think about your audience and how you can help them to learn something from your experience. Quick Write What is the point or lesson of your narrative? What should your readers learn or take away from reading your narrative. So what? Why is it important? Why does it matter? Gaming Can Make a Better World Summarize the TED talk in one paragraph.

Accounting Basics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Accounting Basics - Assignment Example 4. The incomes which are earned and not yet received are called accrued income. It will be shown in the credit side of Income Statement so bill invoice on 4th July, 17th July and 26th July (only 5000$ as 500$ was received cash) will be shown in the credit side of Income Statement and will be added to debtors account as it is credit invoice. 5. On 8th July, Amount received against above invoice adjustment will be as debtors are reduced by 3500 $ and cash will increase by the same amount. 6. As on 9th July, Advertising bill was produced but payment was made on 13th July so the amount of advertising expenses will be shown in debit side of Income Statement and will be deducted from cash account. 7. The office supplies were purchased on 14th July and payment was done 1 week later so the amount will be shown in office suppliers as it’s an assets and 21st July cash entry will be done against that. 8. The amount was withdraw on 20th July for personal use from bank, as no bank account statement is given the amount will be shown in liabilities side of balance sheet and will be deducted from drawings 9. The clock of 3800$ was sold at the price of 5500 $. So the profit on sale of clock will be credited in Income Statement. 10. The personal assistant was appointed on 14th July @ salary of 26000$ per annum and was paid fortnightly. The salary paid to him on 28th July will be debited in Income statement and will also be shown in Cash Account. 11. Following are the accounts: Cash account Date Particulars Amount Date Particulars Amount 1st July To balance B/fd 18500 9th July By Office supplier 750 2nd July To Capital A/c 150000 13th July By Advertising Exp 700 8th July To...The buyer who is willing to buy the business will always see that what the value of the assets in the market is? The seller will also see that he is getting worth amount or not. The elements of cost which are included in the fair valuation of assets are its purchase price, any costs to be incurred for the movement or transportation and costs of dismantling and removing the asset from its original location (Picker 2009). And then the amount will be the final/minimal amount that the owner wants from buyer. If the market value is more than the expected value the excess amount is considered as income of business and is distributed among owners. Thus, by using fair value method of valuation, Rick can have excess amount and will not run into losses as he plans to dissolve his business. On this ground, Fred’s suggestion to Rick is supported.

Ancient world artifacts Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ancient world artifacts - Research Paper Example It was during this civilization that important inventions such as the wheel, the art of writing and communication, and the development and construction of cities were made (Pollock, 1999, Pp.3). The civilization flourished between 4000 – 1200 B.C., although the development and settlement of civilizations began as far back as in the 7000 B.C.E. during which the ancient Mesopotamians first learned to farm and herd cattle for livelihood (Armstrong, 2002, Pp.1). The artifacts studied for the purpose of this paper, include: The Sickle sword and the Cylinder seal with modern impression of a winged horse, both of which belong to the middle Assyrian period. The Assyrians were known for their cuneiform writings / inscriptions on clay as well as other instruments. The cruciform form of writing was a way developed during this period to record history and is found in several historiographic documents during this period (Thomason, 2005, Pp. 51). Overview of the Objects:? i) The Sickle Swor d 13th Century B.C. Middle Assyrian Period Source: www.metmuseum.org This curved sword belonged to the Middle Assyrian period, during the 1307 - 1275 B.C. in Mesopotamia. It is made of bronze and contains cuneiform inscriptions on it which mentions the name of the then ruler and King of Assyraia, thus indicating the period and the owner to whom it belongs. The sword has inscriptions on three different places i.e. on both the sides of the blade as well as on the edge / handle. It is called a ‘sickle’ sword because of its unusual curved shape (Bromiley, 1995, Pp. 1037). In ancient Mesopotamia almost all the swords used were sickle shaped and in fact, straight edged swords came into use much later after the end of the first millennium B.C.E. The unique quality about these sickle shaped swords was that they were considered to be very effective for slashing, rather than stabbing during warfare and the shape made it easier to harm the enemy (Bertman, 2003, Pp. 264; Bromiley, 1995). Another quality of these swords was that it was made from one single piece of metal, thus eliminating the need to attach a handle separately, which made it sturdier than the other types of swords (Gabriel, 1990, Pp. 44). The sickle sword first appeared during the Middle Bronze Age II in various places throughout Mesopotamia. It was believed to be an improvement from the battle axe which was used during the previous years. It was used during the reign of the Assyrian king Adadnirari I (Shalev, 2004, Pp. 55). ii.) Cylinder seal, 13th century B.C. Middle Assyrian period Source: www.metmuseum.org, Somervill, 2009, Pp. 22 These seals or 'stamps' were used during the middle Assyrian period as a way of stamping / signing important documents. The cylindrical object i.e. the pipe shaped objects were used to identify individuals. These seals were carved from various materials such as wood, limestone, ivory, and other similar hard materials / stones. The carving on each of these seals / stamps was unique just like signatures. The seals were used for marking goods, letters and for signing official documents. These cylinders first appeared during the 3500 B.C.E and were used continuously throughout the Assyrian period (Somervill, 2009, Pp. 22). These seals were considered to be one of the finest artifacts as well as a significant achievement of the ancient Mesopotamian civilization. The cylinder seals were first created by the Sumerians and were used in the

International & Regional Financial Regulators Research Paper

International & Regional Financial Regulators - Research Paper Example 12). The operations are put at a level playing field which ensures that banking institutions contribute an equal amount of capital. It also ensures that some set of standards are complied to. Different countries and economies are affiliated to different regional central banks and international financial regulatory institutions. Some operate at a lower cost while some at a higher cost. Depositors prefer regulatory institutions which offer services at a lower cost as compared to the ones which offer services at a higher cost. It is also evident on this extract that regulatory bodies experience a cascading effect on their financial systems depending on their policies. It can be seen that the regulatory institutions with stringent policies have their market share eroded (Quintyn & Taylor 2004, pg. 6). Financial regulation is a form of supervision, monitoring, or offering of guidelines that subject financial institutions or any other financial elements within a financial system to restriction in order to maintain the integrity of the financial system. Governments and regional financial institutions regulate financial elements for safety. Financial safety protects the depositors and share holders of all financial institutions within a financial system. Financial safety prevents financial insolvency which might in turn lead to an economic, political, banking and a social crisis. International and regional financial regulation has its own pros and cons. Regional financial regulations impose restrictions to member financial elements which in turn force them to comply with the expected standards of performance in order to achieve the set objectives (Quintyn & Taylor 2004, pg. 26). These standards at times affect the member elements negatively or positively. For instance, a regional central bank might issue orders to the member elements to sell bonds to their account holders or shareholders in an effort to regulate a looming

Globalization & Getting a handle Essay Example for Free

Globalization Getting a handle Essay We cannot overstate the effects of the trend of globalization on our thinking, culture and the media. From the television ads and shows, our style of dressing and the way we converse and communicate with each other in our own country and people from overseas. What is this phenom that we call globalization? How does it affect us now and in the future? What are its benefits as well as its drawbacks? This paper will try to put a body, a face if you will, on the globalization trend. II. DEFINITIONS: Globalization refers to† increasing global connectivity, integration and interdependence in the social, economic, technological cultural, political and ecological spheres. † It can also be defined as a â€Å"comprehensive term for the emergence of a global society in which economic, political, environmental and cultural events in one part of the world quickly come to have significance in other parts of the world†. Now basing from the definitions given, it can mean that globalization can come to mean a trend toward the interconnectivity or interdependence on one another even if we are in two different places. This is its basic concept that is to establish more and better lines by which the world can be bought together in ever increasing ways and means. Now for the questions on how this trend affects the media industry, we can just take a look at the Internet. This system is ready at hand to connect different peoples and cultures with the touch of a button, as it can connect us more swiftly rather than the traditional modes of communication. III. THE EFFECTS ON THE FILM, RADIO AND TELEVISION INDUSTRIES: The entertainment industry have focused their energies on the larger overseas markets for the sale and the promotion of their current offerings, movies, radio shows, television shows have already become a staple in some countries that these have seemed to replace the local industries for the share for the slice of the local market in that country. At the core of the entertainment industry-film, music, television-there is a growing dominance of U. S. products. It can be seen in most parts of the world, products such as KFC, McDonalds or Coca- Cola just to name a few of the transnational companies doing business in other nations aside form the local market. These companies shop around other countries that have lower costs for doing business, thus spurring the local employment and talent pool from those countries to adapt their educational and training pools to the needs of the incoming foreign investors. Some companies, for example, America Online and Time Warner merged to form AOL Time, matching AOLs Internet businesses and Times massive holdings in media, entertainment and news concerns. More and more of these companies ten to look overseas to promote their products and services abroad. But while the trend is focusing on global interconnectivity, that in our modern day environment, time and distance are a negligible factor in terms of dispensing media to other parts of the world. According to Professor Kalyani Chadha at the Philip Merill College of Journalism; â€Å"While popular rhetoric suggest that we live in an increasingly interconnected globalized world in which time and space have collapsed and media experiences are increasingly uniform, the reality is often different Media systems in different countries continue to be characterized by significant differences in press and broadcasting laws, business and economic structure, access to technology and to nature of journalistic practices, resulting often in variations in both content and perspective. † In a nutshell, it is saying that what may be true and acceptable in other countries and regions might not be acceptable, even palatable in some others. The difference may stem from the traditional as well as the cultural background in the country itself or in some belief system that this particular society holds. But in the discussion of the trend of globalization, the problem herein lies in the fact that in the march for interconnectivity, some of these traditions might have to give way. IV. EFFECTS ON CULTURE: The Webster’s Third New International Dictionary defines culture as the â€Å"the total pattern of human behavior and its products embodied in speech, action and artifacts and dependent upon man’s capacity for learning and transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations† Thus, cultural globalization can thus be defined as the worldwide cultural standardization. Also, it can refer to the postcolonial culture, cultural pluralism and â€Å"hybridization†, or bringing two or more cultures together to create a new one. In the picture of globalization, we must recognize that the global view will effect the change in the cultural standings of some nations. In the long run of things, we must be resigned to the fact that some of these traditions must give way. Remember that globalization is linked to affecting the global community concept, a â€Å"global village†, if you permit the phrase. ( Marshall McLuhan popularized this belief to highlight his observations that an electronic nervous system ( the media) was rapidly integrating the planet—events in one part of the world could be experienced from other parts in real-time, which is the human experience was like when we lived in small villages). In this â€Å"village†, everybody was with the same beliefs and held to the same traditions, at least most of the time. But in the set up of the globalization concept, those beliefs and traditions sometimes, if not most of the time, have to give way to the establishment of a unified set of beliefs from a strong or stronger source. That is cultural hegemony, wherein the stronger or predominant influence will produce ways of thinking and seeing, and especially eliminating alternative views to reinforce the status quo, meaning the status quo of the more predominant influence. Some people fear a loss of cultural diversity as U. S. companies become dominant. Such companies tend to â€Å"bundle† their products, meaning they ship their products in wholesale form. Movies, television shows audio products all come into the local market and compete with the local industry, thus competing for the attention of that market. These tend to replace local alternatives. This would explain in part the prevalence of the media especially the visual media to promote their advertisements in other countries without thinking of the sensibilities that the ad might be offending. Video games and television games flash ever more violent images that seem to engross kids from many nations that were not ready to absorb these kinds of media. All day long, hey would sit in front of the television and just either stare at the monitor watching these violent shows and absorb the values of the characters of the shows’ characters or sit endlessly at video games and get in to the violence that these game icons display. Local culture and social culture are now shaped by large and powerful commercial interests that earlier anthropologists could not have imagined. Early anthropologists thought of societies and their cultures as fully independent systems. But today, many nations are multicultural societies, composed of numerous subcultures. These subcultures are present and very visible to us, in the forms of food, clothes and even in the places that we often frequent. Rarely do we don’t see that in any of the places that we go, there is not one member of these subcultures that we don’t come across. And we tend to borrow these things, if you will, in the way that we prepare our food, the way we buy our clothes and shoes and other accessories, in our choice of products that seem to satisfy our craving to be what the television stars portray on camera. The values that seem to be displayed out there want to look like them, that we can somehow imitate the way they look to be what these companies want us to believe to be acceptable. People are therefore more biased in the products that they purchase or services that they get for themselves so the image that is bought in to them are to look like the people they see. The transnational companies can manipulate the way that people think of themselves also by making us think that standards have to be met in order for us to be acceptable, or part of what is acceptable in the eyes of the global society as a whole. In short, they dictate what constitutes the â€Å"good life†. For example, if you don’t have a certain kind of piece of clothing such a shirt or pair of sneakers, you’re supposed to feel left out of the loop. Or, in the case that you still wear a shirt that is not in fashion, and this is still dictated by the multinational companies abroad, you’re still going to be left out. Or if you don’t drive a certain brand of car or model of that car, it’s an antique they’ll say. In many instances, this trend of cultural globalization tends to make us want these companies say that we have to be to be happy. From whatever the products or producers say, is what we have been conditioned to think, that these are the keys to be living it up. It is argued that one of the consequences of globalization will be the end of cultural diversity, and the triumph of uni-polar culture serving the needs of transnational corporations. Hence, the world drinks Coca-Cola, watches American movies and eats American junk food.

Bowling For Columbine :: Michael Moore Film Review

1. I think media has a great impact on how people behave. The media is defined as listening to music, watching TV, movies, reading magazines, and searching the internet. I think when people here about certain things in songs, or see things in movies or on television it has an effect on them. If there is violence in a TV show or on the news kids can think that's cool to do and do it. A lot of movies show fighting and violence and it effects people and they may do what they see. Television in the home is the greatest source of visual violence for children. Video games expose young children to a level of violence unimaginable. The news also creates fear . 2. I agree with Michael Moore's message in the documentary. I think there is way to much violence in our society, I also think there should be a restriction on guns. Children in our society today, see violence in their schools, on TV , their neighborhoods, and their homes. The daily new is rife with reports of child molestations and abductions. War in foreign lands along with daily reports of murder, rape and robberies also heighten a child's perception of potential violence. 3. I don't think the documentary was biased at all . I think Michael Moore showed both to sides every story he told about . He focused on both sides of the story rather than just one. 4. The NRA Civil Rights Defense fund was established by the NRA board of directors in 1978 to become involved in court cases establishing legal precedents in favor of gun owners. To accomplish this the fund provides legal and financial assistance to selected individuals and organizations defending their right to keep and bear arms. 5. I do not think it was appropriate fir the NRA to arrive in Denver for a convention after the Columbine massacre occurred. I think people were still in mourning and alls they wanted was to be left alone. The people in Denver probably wanted nothing but to ban guns, and here comes the N R A thinking everyone should have the right to have a gun in order to protect themselves. I think the N R A should have waited a great deal of time before going to Denver for a convention. 6. States with the largest increases in gun ownership also have the largest drops in violent crimes.